Consumption Coupons, Consumption Probability and Inventory Optimization: An Improved Minimum-Cost Maximum-Flow Approach

The issuance of consumption coupons during the epidemic period to stimulate the economy must take full account of the level of probabilistic consumption and inventory optimization. In this paper, an improved minimum-cost maximum-flow model is constructed to dynamically adjust the inventory capacity of node enterprises with the change of probabilistic consumption level, and three scenarios are simulated by numerical assumptions. The results show that: (1) The model can better solve the problem of consumption coupons, probabilistic consumption and inventory optimization;(2) Consumer welfare remains unchanged, the largest number of government consumption coupons is issued, and the number of enterprise inventories reaches the lowest;(3) Enterprise inventories are minimized with different decisions on consumer probability consumption, and the government’s issuance of consumption coupons and the satisfaction of consumer demand have reached a dynamic balance. Corresponding suggestions are put forward, hoping to better help the government to implement the consumption coupons policy to stimulate the economy.

Respiratory care for the critical patients with 2019 novel coronavirus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through respiratory droplets, aerosols and close contact. Cross infections occur because viruses spread rapidly among humans. Nineteen percent (19%) of the infected patients developed severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hypoxemia usually occurs and patients may require oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation (MV) support. In this article, recently published clinical experience and observational studies were reviewed. Corresponding respiratory therapy regarding different stages of infection is proposed. Infection control principles and respiratory strategies including oxygen therapy, non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS), intubation evaluation, equipment preparation, ventilator settings, special maneuvers comprise of the prone position (PP), recruitment maneuver (RM), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), weaning and extubation are summarized. Respiratory equipment and device disinfection recommendations are worked up. We expect this review article could be used as a reference by healthcare workers in patient care while minimizing the risk of environmental contamination.

Different prevalence trend of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers and general public before and after the peak of COVID-19 occurred in China: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among general public and healthcare workers during COVID-19 in China and the changes of prevalence before and after the peak of the epidemic occurred. METHODS: Studies were searched from following database: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANGFANG DATA, from inception to 1 st May 2020. Random-effects model was applied to pool the prevalence. Comparative analysis was also applied to evaluate the changes of prevalence before and after the peak of the epidemic occurred. RESULTS: 34 articles were finally included. Prevalence of depression and anxiety was higher among healthcare worker than general public. Among general public, 26 % (95 %CI: 17 %-36 %) were suffering from depression and 22 % (95 %CI: 15 %-30 %) were having anxiety during COVID-19, while the prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers was 31 % (95 %CI: 25 %-37 %) and 40 % (95 %CI: 33 %-46 %) respectively. Comparative analysis showed healthcare workers (depression: 40 %, anxiety: 38 %) had higher percentage of having depression and anxiety than the general public (depression: 33 %, anxiety: 24 %) before the peak. Then a descended prevalence among healthcare workers (depression: 22 %, anxiety: 22 %) was detected compared with that before, while the prevalence among the general public raised (depression: 62 %, anxiety: 44 %) after the peak occurred. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 epidemic had a potential psychiatric impact on general public and healthcare workers in China, which is more severer among healthcare workers. However, the psychiatric status of the general public trend to deteriorated, while healthcare workers trend to improve after the peak of epidemic.